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Knowmats is an informal repository of information related to materials and simulation. The information helps simulation professionals perform best-in-class simulation with a better understanding of how materials are represented in FEA and simulation. read more...


Simulating Plastics in Drop and Crash Tests 

If you want a crash simulation involving plastics to yield useful results, it is important to model the material behavior appropriately. The high strain rates have a significant effect on the properties, and failure can be ductile or brittle in nature, depending on a number of factors.

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Plastics Aerospace and Defense Automotive Biomedical Consumer Products Material Supplier Toys/Sporting Goods Industrial Goods Packaging High Speed Testing Nonlinear Material Models Structural Analysis LS-DYNA Abaqus ANSYS MSC.DYTRAN PAM-CRASH Altair RADIOSS Research Papers


Improved Plasticity and Failure models for Extruded MgProfiles in Crash Simulations

"The Crash Simulation of Magnesium Structures with Finite Element Methods demands the use of suitable material and failure models. An associated plasticity model describing the complex asymmetric yield behaviour in tension and compression of Mg extrusions has been developed during the InMaK-project (Innovative Magnesium Compound Structures for Automobile Frames) supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). Differences to the material model 124 in LS-DYNA are exposed. In order to describe the failure behaviour of Mg extrusions under multiaxial loading in FEM crash simulation this constitutive model has been combined with a fracture model for ductile and shear fracture. The fracture model has been added to the user defined constitutive magnesium model in LS-DYNA. The experimental investigations carried out on model components are compared with numerical derived results. Experimental methods for fracture parameter evaluation are shown and general aspects of metal failure due to fracture as well as different modelling techniques are discussed."

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Mechanical Metals Rate Dependency Yielding/Failure Analysis Automotive High Speed Testing LS-DYNA Research Papers


Understanding the Role of Material Properties in Simulations, Part 2

We discuss material properties in injection molding simulations, including the definition of property requirements, identification of evaluation parameters, and the role of material properties at each stage of the injection molding process, from mold filling through cooling, post-filling and shrinkage/warpage considerations.

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Plastics Material Supplier Mold Maker/Designer Packaging Injection Molding Moldflow Moldex3D Cadmould C-MOLD Presentations


Use of Digital Image Correlation to Obtain Material Model Parameters for Composites 

The development of material parameters for FEA is heavily reliant on precision material data that captures the stress-strain relationship with fidelity. While conventional methods involving UTMs and extensometers are quite adequate for obtaining such data on a number of materials, there are important cases where they have been known to be inadequate. The testing of composites to obtain directional properties remains a complex task because of the difficulty related to measuring these properties in different orientations. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) methods are able to capture the stress-strain relationship all the way to failure. In this paper, we combine DIC and conventional methods to measure directional properties of composites. We exploit the unique capability of DIC to retroactively place virtual strain gauges in areas of critical interest in the test specimen. Utilising an Iosipescu fixture, we measure shear properties of structured composites in a variety of orientations to compute the parameters of an orthotropic linear elastic material model. Model consistency is checked by validation using Abaqus.

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Aerospace and Defense Nonlinear Material Models Structural Analysis Abaqus Composites SIMULIA Research Papers


Material Modeling of Soft Material for Non-linear NVH 

Abaqus’ Non-linear NVH capability permits the capture of material behavior of rubber seals and bushings, plastic parts and foam inserts which have a significant influence on the simulation. In this presentation, we discuss material calibration procedures for this application.

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Plastics Rubbers Automotive Building Materials Material Supplier Nonlinear Material Models Structural Analysis Abaqus Presentations


Handbook for Plastics Analysis

This book covers some of the most significant techniques used in modern analytical technology to characterize plastic and composite materials.

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Plastics Rubbers Foams Composites


Behavior-based Material Model Selection and Calibration of Plastics for Crash Simulation 

Many material models are available for crash simulation. However, common models are not designed for plastics. We present best practices developed for adapting common models to plastics, as well as best testing protocols to generate clean, accurate rate-dependent data. In addition, we present a streamlined process to convert raw data to LS-DYNA material cards, and harmonized material datasets that allow the same raw data to be used for other crash and rate-dependent analysis software.

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Plastics Automotive High Speed Testing Nonlinear Material Models Structural Analysis LS-DYNA Abaqus ANSYS PAM-CRASH Altair RADIOSS Presentations


Applying Digital Image Correlation Methods to SAMP-1 Characterization 

SAMP-1 is a complex material model designed to capture non-Mises yield and localization behavior in plastics. To perform well, it is highly dependent on accurate post-yield material data. A number of assumptions and approximations are currently used to translate measured stress-strain data into the material parameters related to these inputs. In this paper, we look at the use of direct localized strain measurements using digital image correlation (DIC) as a way to more directly extract the required data needed for SAMP-1.

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Plastics Nonlinear Material Models Structural Analysis LS-DYNA Composites Research Papers


White Paper: Standardized Validation Brings Confidence to 3D Printing

Finite element analysis contains assumptions and uncertainty from a number of sources, which can impact the fidelity of the simulation. This uncertainty is often left untested up to prototyping stages. DatapointLabs’ CAETestbench Validation service was developed to add a mid-stage validation step to a designer’s workflow, to test these simulations before parts are made, in order to build confidence in an engineer’s model beforehand. This validation step is illustrated in a 3D printing application.

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Validation 3D Printing


A Strategy for Material Testing and Data Management for the Automotive Industry 

Today, CAE is integrated with modern automotive product development. This creates new challenges for departments that support new product development. In the materials arena, the testing is elevated to much higher levels of sophistication and precision to accommodate the complex material models used in CAE. It is no longer simple matter to convert raw data into material model parameters. We present an end-to-end strategy that gives automakers a well managed pathway to transforming to simulation-based design. We operate a quick-turnaround expert material testing lab to support high-end CAE and product development. We provide a data management software designed specifically to capture and display material data of any complexity. The software can transform raw material data into material parameter files for most commonly used simulations. The CAE Modeler software is of adequate sophistication to fit equations to data, visualize material models along with raw data, and output material cards. Examples for high strain-rate crash material modeling will be presented.

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Automotive CAE Vendor/Supplier Nonlinear Material Models Structural Analysis Presentations